NOTES
(by DuoItalian)
PLURAL ARTICLES
The plural definite articles (the) are:
- gli – for masculine plural nouns that start with vowels, s + consonant, z, y, gn, pn, ps.
- i – for masculine plural nouns in all other cases.
- le – for feminine plural nouns.
IRREGULAR VERBS
The Italian irregular verb strays from the normal methods of conjugation and has no logical pattern at all.
The verbs essere (to be) and avere (to have) are the most frequently utilized irregular verbs in the present tense, but there are also a number of others that are often used in the present tense.
- dire (to say, tell)
- dare (to give)
- venire (to come)
- andare (to go)
- volere (to want)
- potere (to be able to, can)
- dovere (to have to, must)
Looking at the verb conjugations below as examples, you will notice that leggere and scrivere are considered ‘regular’ verbs and that avere is most definitely an ‘irregular‘ verb.
VERB CONJUGATIONS
Here are the present tense conjugation tables for the (3) verbs learned in this initial lesson, as they relate to the aforementioned personal subject pronouns.
leggere (to read) | ||
io | leggo | I read |
tu | leggi | you (sing.) read |
lui/lei | legge | he/she/it reads |
noi | leggiamo | we read |
voi | leggete | you (pl.) read |
loro | leggono | they read |
scrivere (to write) | ||
io | scrivo | I write |
tu | scrivi | you (sing.) write |
lui/lei | scrive | he/she/it writes |
noi | scriviamo | we write |
voi | scrivete | you (pl.) write |
loro | scrivono | they write |
avere (to have) | ||
io | ho | I have |
tu | hai | you (sing.) have |
lui/lei | ha | he/she/it has |
noi | abbiamo | we have |
voi | avete | you (pl.) have |
loro | hanno | they have |
VOCABULARY
(from Duolingo)
i ragazzi | boys |
gli uomini | men |
le ragazze | girls |
le donne | women |
il libro | book |
il giornale | newspaper |
leggere | to read |
scrivere | to write |
avere | to have |
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