NOTES
(by DuoItalian)
The Subjunctive Perfect (congiuntivo passato) tense is formed by combining the following:
[Present Subjunctive of Essere/Avere + Past Participle]
Whether it requires essere or avere, depends on the verb. Transitive verbs require the auxiliary avere. Intransitive and/or Reflexive verbs require the auxiliary essere.
- Spero che non abbia piovuto. (I hope that it hasn’t rained.)
- Non credo che siano andati in Italia. (I don’t believe they went to Italy.)
- Sembra che Giorgio abbia cambiato (It seems that Giorgio has changed jobs.)
- Sofia pensa che Maria sia partita ieri per la Germania. (Sofia thinks that Maria left for Germany yesterday.)
The subjunctive perfect follows the same rules in regard to avere and essere as the present, past, future, and conditional perfect.
→ Click here for a brief explanation: AVERE or ESSERE?
TIP: You may notice from the examples above and the practice list below, that the Subjunctive Perfect tense very often follows conjunctions built with che (that).
VOCABULARY
(by DuoItalian)
che tu sia venuto | that you have come |
che abbia fatto | that he has done |
che abbia potuto | that he has been able |
che abbia avuto | that he has had |
che sia stato | that he has been |
che sia andato | that he has gone |
che abbia trovato | that he has found |
che io abbia detto | that I have said |
che loro abbiano saputo | that they knew |
che abbia voluto | that he has wanted |
che abbia visto | that he has seen |
che io abbia conosciuto | that I have known |
che abbia dato | that he has given |
che abbia pensato | that he has thought |
che tu abbia parlato | that you had spoken |
che abbia preso | that he has taken |
che abbia messo | that he has put |
che sia arrivata | that she has arrived |
che abbia portato | that he has brought |
che abbia lasciato | that he has left |
che loro siano diventati | that they have become |
che abbia creduto | that he has believed |
che loro abbiano capito | that they have understood |
che tu abbia tenuto | that you have kept |
che abbia sentito | that he has heard |
che abbia chiesto | that he has asked |
che tu sia rimasto | that you have stayed |
che abbiamo passato | that we have passed |
che abbia lavorato | that he has worked |
che abbia usato | that he has used |
che abbia vissuto | that he has lived |
che sia entrata | that she has entered |
che abbiamo ricordato | that they have remembered |
che abbia chiamato | that he has called |
che abbia aperto | that he has opened |
che loro abbiano seguito | that they have followed |
che vi sia piacuta | that you (all) have liked |
che tu abbia aspettato | that you have waited |
che tu abbia guardato | that you have watched |
che sia morta | that she has died |
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